Accounting Glossary Archives

A B C D E F G I N P R S T

Account Payable - Accounts payable is our short-term obligation to pay our suppliers for products and services which we have already purchased on credit.
Accounting - The process of identifying, measuring and communicating financial information to enable informed judgements and decisions.
Accounts Receivable - Accounts receivable is the money that your customers owe you against goods or services provided to him on credit. In terms of business, it refers to the outstanding invoices by the clients of a company.

Balance Sheet - A Balance Sheet is a financial statement which projects the financial position of a business at the end of the accounting period.
Bank Book - Bank Book is also a subsidiary book similar to cash book which records all the receipts and payments made through the bank. It is also known as Bank Journal.
Bank Reconciliation - A Bank Reconciliation Statement is a document that reconciles the bank transactions with our financial records. It helps us to find/resolve any discrepancy.
Break-Even Point - Break-Even Point means to calculate financial feasibility for launching a new product or starting new ventures.
Budget Statement - Budget is an estimate of revenues and expenses predefined for a specified period. It reflects company's future financial conditions and helps to achieve financial goals.

CAGR - CAGR stands for Compound Annual Growth Rate. It is the annual rate of return of an investment reinvesting profit of each year over the investment period. In simple terms, it shows how much your investment grows over a specific period. It is a useful measure to find the growth of investment over periods.
Cash Book - A Cash Book is a subsidiary book in which records the cash/bank receipts and cash/bank payments made during a specific period in a chronological order.
Cash Flow Statement - Cash Flow Statement or Statement of Cash Flow is a Financial Statement, which shows the flow of cash in and out of an organization.
COGS - the amount of money spent by a company on its labor, materials, and overheads to manufacture/purchase products of the goods that are sold to customers during the year.
Composition Scheme - Under the Composition Scheme, a registered taxpayer, whose aggregate turnover has not exceeded Rs. 75 Lakh in the preceding financial year will pay the tax quarterly at a rate more than 1%, 2.5% and 0.5% for the manufacturer, restaurant sector, and other suppliers respectively.
Compound Interest - In simple terms, this method computes interest on the sum total of the principal amount of investment and accrued interest. In the finance industry, compound interest is often referred by the word magic interest as it is considered one of the most fundamental wealth building ways.
Cost Sheet - The bifurcation of total cost presented in the form of a statement is called a Cost Sheet.

Debtor - Sale of goods on credit to our customers makes the customer our Debtor. A customer becomes the debtor of that amount for which goods are sold on credit.
Diminishing Balance Depreciation - Understand Diminishing Balance Depreciation: Formulas to calculate reducing balance depreciation, accounting entries, advantages & disadvantages with examples.

EBIT - EBIT stands for Earnings Before Interest and Taxes. It is the net income of a company before paying the income taxes as well as interest expenses.

Fixed Assets - Tangible assets owned by a business and held on a long-term basis are called Fixed Assets. Such assets are sometimes expensive and large. They cannot be easily sold or turned into cash.

GST Returns - There are different types of GST Returns that are to be filed by taxpayers under the GST Regime. The document required to be filed by a taxpayer as per the GST law is called GST Return. In total there are 11 types of different GST Returns.
GAAP - Generally Accepted Accounting Principles is a specific set of guidelines to be followed by public sector companies for preparing their financial statements.

Income Statement - An income statement or profit and loss statement, one of the financial statements of a company which shows a company’s revenues and expenses during a period.
Input Tax Credit - Input Tax Credit or ITC means the credit of GST tax (IGST/CGST/SGST) charged on the supply of any goods and or services that are used or intended to be used in furtherance of the sale of goods and services and includes the tax payable under reverse charge.
Inventory Control - Inventory Control is the Systematic management and monitoring of inventory.
Inventory - Inventory is a company's stock on hand either purchased from others or produced by self for the purpose of resale.
Invoice - Invoice is a document issued by a seller to the buyer for a transaction. It consists of details of services or goods supplied along with rates of services provided or per unit price of goods.

Nominal Accounts - Nominal accounts are the accounts that report revenues, expenses, gains, and losses.
NPV - Understand NPV (Net Present Value) in detail with formula, examples, advantages, disadvantages along with a ready to use NPV Calculator excel template. Generally, businesses use NPV for investment planning. It helps to check the profitability of a project or investment. A positive Net Present Value indicates profitability and a negative NPV indicates a loss.

Personal Accounts - The elements or accounts which represent persons and organizations. Personal Accounts are three types of natural, artificial and representative accounts.
Petty Cash Book - A Petty Cash Book is a document in which all petty or small daily routine payments made from petty cash fund are systematically recorded.
Progress Billing Invoice - Progress Billing Invoice is a type of invoice prepared to obtain a portion of the total payment of a specific project from your clients subject to terms & conditions agreed upon in the contract.
Purchase Book - Purchase Book is a subsidiary book which records the transactions of credit purchase of goods for trading purpose. Cash purchases are recorded in the Cash Book.

Real Accounts - Accounts relating to properties or assets are called Real Accounts. You have to maintain a separate account for each asset.
Reverse Charge - Reverse Charge means the liability to pay tax by the recipient of good or services or both instead of the supplier under sub-section (3)/(4) of Section 9 of CGST Act or under sub-section (3)/(4) of Section 5 of IGST Act.

Straight-Line Depreciation - Understand Straight-Line Depreciation: Formulas to calculate straight-line depreciation, accounting entries, advantages & disadvantages with examples.

Trial Balance - Trial Balance is a document which records the closing balances of all the ledger accounts at the end of accounting period.